Diet is a major determinant of the gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function, yet our understanding of how it impacts the efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics is limited. In an ISAPP led paper published in Nature Microbiology, we examined current evidence of dietary influence on prebiotic and probiotic efficacy in human studies, including potential mechanisms. The paper outlines reasons to include diet as a variable and provide recommentations on the design, conduct and reporting of human clinical trials of prebiotics and probiotics (and other biotic interventions) to account for any effect of diet and nutrition.  See this blog for more information.